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Peniocereus striatus
''Peniocereus striatus'' is a species of cactus known by several common names, including gearstem cactus, cardoncillo, jacamatraca,〔(''Peniocereus striatus''. ) Flora of North America.〕 sacamatraca, and dahlia-rooted cactus.〔(''Peniocereus striatus''. ) Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum.〕 It is endemic to the Sonoran Desert,〔Anderson, G., et al. (2010). (Plant population and habitat characteristics of the endemic Sonoran Desert cactus ''Peniocereus striatus'' in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona. ) ''Madroño'' 57(4) 220-28.〕 where it occurs in Baja California, Sinaloa, and Sonora in Mexico and Arizona in the United States.〔
This cactus is a shrub with narrow brown or greenish cylindrical branching stems up to a meter long,〔 but known to reach 2 meters at times.〔 When not in flower or fruit the plant is "very inconspicuous",〔 and "commonly looking more like a collection of dead stems" hidden amongst the dry branches of other plants.〔(''Peniocereus striatus''. ) Plant Abstracts. Arizona Game and Fish Department.〕 The stems are covered in clusters of small, weak spines a few millimeters long. They are yellowish white, sometimes with black tips. The roots have tuber-like swellings at their tips that resemble sweet potatoes. The flowers bloom at night. They are up to 10 centimeters wide with white or pinkish inner tepals and reddish or purplish outer tepals. The style is up to 6 centimeters long and the stamens are about one centimeter in length. The bright red, spiny fruit is 4 or 5 centimeters long.〔 Flowering and fruiting usually occur when summer rainfall starts.〔
This cactus grows in sandy desert soils on hills and flats. It usually grows beneath other plants.〔 It is associated with nurse plants, including ironwood (''Olneya tesota'') and creosote bush (''Larrea tridentata'').〔Suzán, H., et al. (1994). (Nurse plant and floral biology of a rare night-blooming cereus, ''Peniocereus striatus'' (Brandegee) F. Buxbaum. ) ''Conservation Biology'' 8(2) 461-70.〕 The flowers are pollinated by sphinx moths.〔 The seeds are eaten by birds, which then disperse them; many of the cacti grow beneath the trees where birds roost.〔
Some populations of this cactus are threatened and in decline. In general, the plant is common in its range and is not a threatened species.〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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